常用厚壁(bi)无缝管的(de)处(chu)理(li)热(re)工艺： 各种热(re)处(chu)理(li)工序加(jia)热(re)、冷却(que)规范

       1. 淬火(huo)

　　（1）碳素、合金(jin)结构厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)无(wu)(wu)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)①形(xing)(xing)状复杂的(de)碳厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)无(wu)(wu)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)及(ji)(ji)部(bu)分合金(jin)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)无(wu)(wu)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)，冷却用水(shui)油。② 形(xing)(xing)状复杂的(de)碳厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)无(wu)(wu)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)及(ji)(ji)部(bu)分合金(jin)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)无(wu)(wu)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)件(jian)，采用此段。（2）铬(ge)不锈厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)无(wu)(wu)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)及(ji)(ji)奥氏体厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)无(wu)(wu)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)（3）工具厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)无(wu)(wu)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan) 低(di)合金(jin)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)壁(bi)(bi)无(wu)(wu)缝(feng)(feng)(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)预热依工件(jian)形(xing)(xing)状和尺寸(cun)酌(zhuo)情而定。

　　2. 正火及(ji)退(tui)火

　　（1） 正(zheng)火(huo)（2）退(tui)火(huo)

　　3. 回(hui)火、时效及(ji)去应力

　　（1）回火注：530℃以下(xia)按此系数(shu)计(ji)算回火时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间。（2）时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)（奥氏体厚壁无缝管(guan)）（3）除应(ying)力(li)(li)① 形状简单的(de)零件(jian)去(qu)校直(zhi)应(ying)力(li)(li)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)冷。② 当炉(lu)子实际(ji)升(sheng)温(wen)(wen)(wen)速度(du)(du)(du)超(chao)过≤80℃/时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)能满(man)足工艺要(yao)求时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，零件(jian)装(zhuang)炉(lu)升(sheng)温(wen)(wen)(wen)至(zhi)300℃保(bao)(bao)温(wen)(wen)(wen)1～2小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，再随炉(lu)升(sheng)温(wen)(wen)(wen)100℃保(bao)(bao)温(wen)(wen)(wen)1小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou)，每升(sheng)温(wen)(wen)(wen)100℃保(bao)(bao)温(wen)(wen)(wen)1小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，直(zhi)到保(bao)(bao)温(wen)(wen)(wen)温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)为(wei)止(zhi)。对阀杆等(deng)形状复杂易(yi)变形零件(jian)必须保(bao)(bao)证≤50℃/时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，必要(yao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)用手(shou)动控制。工艺规范的(de)几点说明：（1）“透”系指工件(jian)装(zhuang)炉(lu)后(hou)(hou)，炉(lu)子到温(wen)(wen)(wen)起至(zhi)工件(jian)与炉(lu)膛火色一(yi)致止(zhi)的(de)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间。（2）装(zhuang)炉(lu)温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)栏(lan)之(zhi)“不(bu)(bu)限”一(yi)般(ban)系指不(bu)(bu)超(chao)过曲线中保(bao)(bao)温(wen)(wen)(wen)温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)以下(xia)的(de)各(ge)温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)。（如(ru)曲线中有两个保(bao)(bao)温(wen)(wen)(wen)温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)，则应(ying)不(bu)(bu)超(chao)过第一(yi)段的(de)保(bao)(bao)温(wen)(wen)(wen)温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)）（3）38CrMoAlA厚壁无缝管(guan)淬火保(bao)(bao)温(wen)(wen)(wen)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间应(ying)按规定再延(yan)长30%。（4）要(yao)求淬硬(ying)零件(jian)的(de)回火保(bao)(bao)温(wen)(wen)(wen)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间至(zhi)少不(bu)(bu)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于1小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。（5）除应(ying)力(li)(li)的(de)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间：除机械加工和校直(zhi)应(ying)力(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)得小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于3小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)；除焊接及铸造应(ying)力(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)得小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)于4小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。（6）氮(dan)化件(jian)氮(dan)化后(hou)(hou)除校直(zhi)应(ying)力(li)(li)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，除应(ying)力(li)(li)的(de)整个过程均需(xu)通氮(dan)。（7）按Z75.22-86 GH2136时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)热处理为(wei)≤300℃入炉(lu)，随炉(lu)升(sheng)温(wen)(wen)(wen)至(zhi)710±10℃，保(bao)(bao)温(wen)(wen)(wen)烧透+12～16h 出炉(lu)空(kong)冷，达HRC32～42。

　　4. 化学(xue)热处(chu)理工(gong)艺规范

　　（1）氮(dan)化(hua)(hua)① 炉(lu)(lu)冷(leng)具体(ti)规定(ding)见(jian)注(zhu)意(yi)事项④。② 喷(pen)嘴组保(bao)温(wen)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)(jian)为(wei)6～8小(xiao)(xiao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。③ 加(jia)药(yao)丸去除零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)钝化(hua)(hua)膜，用量(liang)每炉(lu)(lu)100～120片。注(zhu)意(yi)事项：① 零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)氮(dan)化(hua)(hua)前(qian)必须清除表(biao)(biao)面(mian)锈斑，用汽油(you)(you)清洗(xi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)油(you)(you)污(wu)。② 零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)装(zhuang)炉(lu)(lu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，所有(you)要(yao)氮(dan)化(hua)(hua)的(de)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)，不许互相接(jie)触，特别注(zhu)意(yi)大(da)(da)工件(jian)(jian)(jian)不要(yao)放在(zai)热电(dian)偶的(de)附(fu)近，严禁工件(jian)(jian)(jian)靠在(zai)热电(dian)偶上。对于(yu)局部(bu)氮(dan)化(hua)(hua)的(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，要(yao)检(jian)查(cha)镀(du)锡部(bu)位是否正(zheng)(zheng)确(que)。对M16以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的(de)螺孔(kong)和￠16以(yi)(yi)下(xia)的(de)盲(mang)孔(kong)、通孔(kong)及经(jing)镀(du)锡保(bao)护(hu)有(you)螺纹的(de)氮(dan)化(hua)(hua)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)螺纹部(bu)分(fen)、退刀(dao)槽(cao)，氮(dan)化(hua)(hua)前(qian)均(jun)进行涂料保(bao)护(hu)。③ 氮(dan)化(hua)(hua)件(jian)(jian)(jian)入炉(lu)(lu)后应(ying)先通氮(dan)30分(fen)钟排除箱(xiang)内(nei)的(de)空气(qi)(qi)，氨(an)气(qi)(qi)压(ya)(ya)力控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)100～150mm油(you)(you)柱(zhu)，待空气(qi)(qi)排除后按工艺要(yao)求调(diao)节压(ya)(ya)力控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)解(jie)率。氮(dan)化(hua)(hua)过程中氨(an)气(qi)(qi)自始至终不得(de)中断(duan)。④ 氮(dan)化(hua)(hua)冷(leng)却时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，先停(ting)电(dian)随炉(lu)(lu)冷(leng)却至≤150℃时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)停(ting)氨(an)，取(qu)出零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)。⑤ 炉(lu)(lu)内(nei)氨(an)气(qi)(qi)压(ya)(ya)力只(zhi)做参考，操作(zuo)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)解(jie)率为(wei)准。（2）渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)1）固(gu)体(ti)渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan) 保(bao)温(wen)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)(jian)根(gen)据(ju)渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)炉(lu)(lu)装(zhuang)箱(xiang)的(de)数量(liang)及箱(xiang)的(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)而定(ding)。2）气(qi)(qi)体(ti)渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)几点(dian)说(shuo)明(ming)：①固(gu)体(ti)渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)剂配方：7%BaCO3+2.5%Na2CO3其余90.5%木碳(tan)(tan)（滨河化(hua)(hua)工厂配制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)）新旧渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)剂比例为(wei)1:2。②气(qi)(qi)体(ti)渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)剂：（a）苯一(yi)滴(di)速：升温(wen)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)30～35滴(di)/分(fen)，保(bao)温(wen)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)60～70滴(di)/分(fen)。（b）* 煤油(you)(you)+酒精各50%,滴(di)速与苯同。首次(ci)使(shi)用时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)先进行试验(yan)，确(que)定(ding)合适的(de)滴(di)速。③渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)保(bao)温(wen)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)(jian)到达前(qian)1～1.5小(xiao)(xiao)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)看预测试样，根(gen)据(ju)测得(de)的(de)结果(guo)决定(ding)出炉(lu)(lu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)间(jian)(jian)(jian)。④气(qi)(qi)体(ti)渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)装(zhuang)炉(lu)(lu)时(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)之(zhi)间(jian)(jian)(jian)要(yao)保(bao)持一(yi)定(ding)的(de)距(ju)离(li)，至少要(yao)保(bao)持5～10mm。固(gu)体(ti)渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)装(zhuang)箱(xiang)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)间(jian)(jian)(jian)或箱(xiang)壁间(jian)(jian)(jian)距(ju)不得(de)小(xiao)(xiao)于(yu)15～20mm。⑤ 渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)后如(ru)果(guo)发现渗(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)层(ceng)有(you)网状碳(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)物存在(zai)，均(jun)应(ying)进行正(zheng)(zheng)火处理(li)以(yi)(yi)消除。

　　5. 锻模热处理(li)工艺规范

　　锻模(mo)(mo)及胎模(mo)(mo)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo) 出油(you)(you)后(hou)立(li)即(ji)装(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)(ru)准(zhun)备(bei)好的(de)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)炉中(zhong)(zhong)。回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo) 5CrNiMo回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)油(you)(you)冷。说明：（1）燕(yan)尾(wei)采用自(zi)(zi)行回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)过程：小型(xing)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)（H≤250mm）全部入(ru)(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)5′～8′（中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)、大(da)型(xing)入(ru)(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)8′～12′）然(ran)后(hou)把燕(yan)尾(wei)提出油(you)(you)面(mian)(mian)，待油(you)(you)面(mian)(mian)燃烧时再浸入(ru)(ru)(ru)油(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)，反复2～3次使燕(yan)尾(wei)自(zi)(zi)行回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)。中(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)H=250～400mm,大(da)型(xing)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)H>400mm。（2）出油(you)(you)温度为250～300℃，不(bu)得低于250℃，并(bing)准(zhun)备(bei)一台350～400℃的(de)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)炉，出油(you)(you)后(hou)立(li)即(ji)入(ru)(ru)(ru)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)炉。锻模(mo)(mo)热处理(li)注意事(shi)项(xiang)：（1）模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)返修或翻新(xin)必须(xu)先进行退火(huo)(huo)(huo)以防(fang)开裂。（2）模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)加(jia)热均(jun)要保护(hu)锻模(mo)(mo)，保护(hu)见示意图，其它(ta)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)均(jun)应用生铁(tie)屑及干燥木炭(tan)保护(hu)其工作面(mian)(mian)，以防(fang)脱碳，并(bing)将模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)垫起50～100mm。（3）淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)后(hou)均(jun)要及时回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)。（4）曲线(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)保温时间=模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(ju)(ju)高度×加(jia)热系数(shu)（分/mm）。

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